Classification of Salts


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Classification of Salts

Classification of Salts:

The different types of salts are: normal salt, acid salt, basic salt and double salt.

1.  Neutral Salt: A salt that does not contain any replaceable hydrogen atoms or hydroxyl groups is called a normal salt. Example:  Na2 SO4 obtained in the reaction between large H_2SO_4 and NaOH is a normal salt because it is formed by the complete replacement of both the H atoms of large H_2SO_4. Similarly, calcium sulphate large (CaSO_4), sodium phosphate (large Na_3PO_4) and potassium phosphate (large K_3PO_4) are also normal salts.

2. Acid Salt: When an acid is not completely neutralized by a base, the salt produced will contain replaceable hydrogen atoms. Hence, it may further take part in the reaction with the base as an acid. Such a salt is called an acid salt. For example, the salt large NaHSO_4 produced in the reaction between NaOH and large H_2SO_4is an acid salt because it is capable of further reaction with the base NaOH to produce the normal salt large Na_2SO_4.

H_2SO_4 + NaOH rightarrow NaHSO_4 + H_20

NaHSO_4 + NaOH rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_20

Thus, an acid salt may be defined as follows: A salt that contains replaceable hydrogen atoms is called an acid salt. Examples: NaHSO_4, NaH_2PO_4 and Na_2HPO_4 are examples of acid salts.

3. Basic salt: When a base reacts with lesser amount of acid than, is necessary for complete neutralization, the salt produced contain hydroxyl group(s)(OH) also. Such a salt is called a basic salt. Example: Pb(OH)Cl. These salts are called basic salts, because they can further react with the acids to form H_2O and the corresponding normal salts. Thus, a basic salt is formed when a base reacts with a lesser amount of an acid than is necessary for the formation of a normal salt

.

Double salt: In a double salt, there are two different negative ions and/or positive ions. For example, the mineral dolomite, CaCO_3, MgCO_3, contains both Ca^{2+} and Mg^{2+} ions. Hence, it is a double salt. Potash alum: K_2SO_4 . Al_2(SO_4)_3 . 24H_2 0, also is a double salt. Double salts exist only in the solid state. When dissolved in water, they break up into a mixture of two separate salts. For example, when potash alum is dissolved in water, it breaks up as follows.

Sample Questions
(More Questions for each concept available in Login)
Question : 1

An aqueous solution of the salt is acidic in nature. Which of the following acids and bases react to give this salt?

Right Option : A
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Question : 2

 Salts formed by the reaction of strong acid with a strong base are called  _____________ .

Right Option : B
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Explanation
Question : 3

 Salts formed by the reaction of a weak acid with a strong base are called _______________ .

Right Option : A
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Explanation
 
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